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Simple Network Management Protocol is the most commonly used environment management protocol. SNMP support is built into most network devices by the manufacturer.

SNMP collects management information from devices on the network by an SNMP agent in the device and records the information in a management information base (MIB). The MIB information includes device features, data throughput statistics, traffic overloads, and errors.

A MIB has a common format, so SNMP management utilities from a number of vendors can collect the MIB information and present it to the system administrator, or pass the information to other agents.

SNMP operates over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is part of the TCP/IP protocol. UDP provides the rules for adding the port address of an application process to an IP packet in the form of a header. The header identifies the source and destination of the packet, and other information about what's in the packet, such as the length of a packet.

A port address is the specific address of an application or process running in a computer, whereas an IP address is the address of the workstation on the network.